ETHNIC ORIGIN (31)

	Refers to the ethnic or cultural group(s) to which
	the respondent's ancestors belong. Ethnic or cultural
	origin refers to the ethnic 'roots' or ancestral background
	of the population, and should not be confused with
	citizenship or nationality.

1.	Total population
2.	  Single origins1
3.	    British Isles origins2
4.	    French origins3
5.	    European origins4
6.	    Arab origins5
7.	    West Asian origins6
8.	    South Asian origins7
9.	    East and Southeast Asian origins8
10.	    African origins9
11.	    Pacific Islands origins10
12.	    Latin, Central and South American origins11
13.	    Carribbean origins12
14.	    Aboriginal origins13
15.	    Canadian origins
16.	    Other origins14
17.	  Multiple origins15
18.	    British Isles only16
19.	    British Isles and French17
20.	    British Isles and Canadian18
21.	    British Isles and other19
22.	    British Isles, Canadian and other20
23.	    French only21
24.	    French and Canadian22
25.	    French and other23
26.	    French, Canadian and other24
27.	    Canadian and other25
28.	    British Isles, French and Canadian26
29.	    British Isles, French and other27
30.	    British Isles, French, Canadian and other28
31.	    Other multiple origins29


Comparability of ethnic origin data between the 1996 Census and previous
censuses has been affected by several factors including changes in the question
format, wording, examples, instructions and data processing, as well as by the
social environment at the time of the census.

In 1996, comparability with previous census data will be particularly
affected by the change in format and the examples provided on the
questionnaire. While the 1991 Census question included fifteen mark-in
categories and two write-in spaces, in 1996, respondents were required
to write in their ethnic origin(s) in four write-in spaces. Twenty-four
examples were provided.

The change in format to an open-ended question in 1996 is likely to affect
response patterns especially for groups which had been included as
mark-in response categories in 1991. In addition, the presence of
examples such as 'Canadian', which were not included in previous censuses,
may also affect response patterns.

Since 1986, an instruction to specify as many ethnic groups as applicable
has been included in the ethnic origin question. This has affected data
comparability for all ethnic groups and categories because of the increase
in multiple responses. Prior to the 1981 Census, only the respondent's
paternal ancestry was to be reported. If multiple ethnic origins were
provided, only one origin was captured, resulting in one ethnic origin per
respondent. In 1981, multiple origins were allowed and a write-in space was
added to the question, although respondents were not instructed to provide
more than one origin. In 1986, respondents were permitted to write in up to
three origins other than those shown in the mark-in circles. In 1991, they
were permitted to write in up to two additional origins. In 1996, four
write-in spaces were provided on the questionnaire and up to six ethnic
origins were captured.



(1)	Includes respondents who reported one ethnic origin only.

(2)	Includes English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh and British n.i.e.

	'British Isles' was referred to as 'British' in the 1996, 1991 and 1986 censuses.

	In 1981, 'British only' multiple responses (for example, 'English and Irish')
	were included in the single response  'British, n.o.s.'.  In 1996, 1991 and
	1986, these responses were counted as multiple responses and were included in
	the multiple response category 'British Isles only'.

(3)	Includes French and Acadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian.
	In 1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins'
	category. In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of
	French and Canadian.  

(4)	Includes Austrian, Belgian, Dutch (Netherlands), Flemish, Frisian,
	German, Luxembourger, Swiss, Finnish,  Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish,
	Scandinavian n.i.e., Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Byelorussian, Czech,
	Czechoslovakian, Slovak, Hungarian (Magyar), Polish, Romanian, Russian,
	Ukrainian, Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian,
	Slovenian, Yugoslav n.i.e., Cypriot, Greek, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese,
	Spanish, Basque, Gypsy (Roma), Jewish, Slav and European n.i.e.

(5)	Includes Egyptian, Iraqi, Jordanian, Lebanese, Algerian, Berber, Moroccan,
	Tunisian, Maghrebi n.i.e., Palestinian, Syrian and Arab n.i.e.

(6)	Includes Afghan, Armenian, Iranian, Israeli, Kurd, Turk and West Asian n.i.e.

(7)	Includes Bangladeshi, Bengali, East Indian, Goan, Gujarati, Pakistani,
	Punjabi, Sinhalese, Sri Lankan, Tamil and South Asian n.i.e.

(8)	Includes Chinese, Filipino, Burmese, Cambodian, Laotian, Thai, Vietnamese,
	Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Mongolian, Taiwanese, Tibetan, Asian
	n.i.e. and East/Southeast Asian n.i.e.

(9)	Includes Black, Burundian, East African, Eritrean, Ethiopian, Ghanaian,
	Kenyan, Mauritian, Nigerian, Rwandan, Somali, South African, Sudanese,
	Tanzanian, Ugandan, Zairian, African (Black) n.i.e. and Other African n.i.e.

	Data for 'African origins' are not comparable with those of previous censuses.

(10)	Includes Fijian, Polynesian, and Pacific Islander n.i.e.

(11)	Includes Argentinian, Brazilian, Central/South American Indian, Chilean,
	Colombian,  Costa Rican,  Ecuadorian,  Guatemalan, Hispanic,  Honduran,
	Mexican,  Nicaraguan,  Panamanian,  Paraguayan, Peruvian, Salvadorean,
	Uruguayan, Venezuelan and Latin/Central/South American n.i.e.

(12)	Includes Antiguan, Bahamian, Barbadian, Bermudan, Cuban, Grenadian,
	Guyanese, Haitian, Jamaican, Kittitian/Nevisian, St. Lucian, Trinidadian/
	Tobagonian, Vincentian/Grenadinian, West Indian and Caribbean n.i.e.

(13)	Includes Inuit, Métis and North American Indian.

(14)	Includes American, Australian, New Zealander, Québécois and Other n.i.e.
	but excludes Canadian which is shown separately above.

(15)	Includes respondents who reported more than one ethnic origin.

	There is no double counting of the population in these categories. Respondents
	who provided more than one ethnic origin are included in only one of the
	multiple response categories.

(16)	The 'British Isles only' multiple category includes respondents who
	reported more than one of the following origins: English, Irish, Scottish,
	Welsh and British n.i.e.

 	In 1981, British only multiple responses were included in the single response
 	'British, n.o.s.'.  In 1996, 1991 and 1986, these responses were counted as
 	multiple responses.

(17)	'British Isles' includes respondents who reported English, Irish,
	Scottish, Welsh or British n.i.e.  'French' includes respondents who reported
	French or Acadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian. In
	1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins' category.
	In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of French and
	Canadian.

(18)	'British Isles' includes respondents who reported English, Irish,
	Scottish, Welsh or British, n.i.e.

(19)	'British Isles' includes respondents who reported English, Irish,
	Scottish, Welsh or British n.i.e. 'Other' includes respondents who reported
	any origin other than British Isles, French or Canadian.

(20)	'British Isles' includes respondents who reported English, Irish, Scottish,
	Welsh or British n.i.e. 'Other' includes respondents who reported any origin
	other than British Isles, French or Canadian. 

(21)	The 'French only' multiple category includes respondents who reported
	French and Acadian.

	In 1991, the 'French only' multiple category included persons who reported more
	than one of the following origins: French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986, the
	'French only' multiple category included respondents  who reported more than one
	of the following origins: French, Acadian, French Canadian and Québécois. In
	1996, Québécois was moved to the 'Other origins' ethnic category. In 1991,
	French Canadian was shown as a separate multiple category of French and Canadian. 

(22)	'French' includes respondents who reported French or Acadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian. In
	1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins' category.
	In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of French and
	Canadian. 

(23)	'French' includes respondents who reported French or Acadian. 'Other'
	includes respondents who reported any origin other than British Isles, French
	or Canadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian. In
	1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins' category.
	In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of French and
	Canadian.

(24)	'French' includes respondents who reported French or Acadian. 'Other'
	includes respondents who reported any origin other than British Isles, French
	or Canadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian. In
	1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins' category.
	In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of French and
	Canadian. 

(25)	'Other' includes respondents who reported any origin other than British
	Isles, French or Canadian.

(26)	'British Isles' includes respondents who reported English, Irish, Scottish,
	Welsh or British n.i.e. 'French' includes respondents who reported French or
	Acadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian. In
	1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins' category.
	In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of French and
	Canadian. 

(27)	'British Isles' includes respondents who reported English, Irish,
	Scottish, Welsh or British n.i.e. 'French' includes respondents who reported
	French or Acadian. 'Other' includes respondents who reported any origin other
	than British Isles, French or Canadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian. In
	1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins' category.
	In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of French and
	Canadian.

(28)	'British Isles' includes respondents who reported English, Irish,
	Scottish, Welsh or British n.i.e. 'French' includes respondents who reported
	French or Acadian. 'Other' includes respondents who reported any origin other
	than British Isles, French or Canadian.

	In 1991, 'French origins' included French, Acadian and Québécois. In 1986,
	'French origins' included French, Acadian, Québécois and French Canadian. In
	1996, Québécois was moved from 'French origins' to the 'Other origins' category.
	In 1996 and 1991, French Canadian was made a multiple response of French and
	Canadian.

(29)	The 'Other multiple origins' category includes respondents who reported
	two or more origins other than British Isles, French or Canadian.